Global and National Market Place (Film)

• Box office mojo, digital screen network
• BFI.org - statistical yearbook '13, first few pages

• Does my case study use cross media convergence
• How did they film it
• How is it shown
• How is technology used
• How is it appealing to a British audience
• What are my own experiences of consuming a film

• 36% of cinema-goers are over 45, highest it's ever been
• Films are starting to appeal to an older demographic
• Younger people tend to download films online instead of going to the cinema
• People aged 15-24 going to the cinema has fallen to 25%
• British films aren't having as much impact as American ones
• UK film share - 15% (we have to rely on UK film council)
• Video on demand - netflix, lovefilm - lowering probability of people going to cinema
• UK cinema admissions - 172.5m - highest figures in the last 40 years
• Still competing against USA
• Skyfall was the biggest earner
• Tyrannosaur - UK film (Warp)

• Example - This is England
• Usual genre for British films - social realism - British New Wave 1960's
• Regarded Britains richest gift to world
• British films tend to have the realism, but are more creative and have more of a message
• Lighting and setting contribute to 'gritty' look, as well as handheld cameras and unknown actors
• British films need to include British stereotypes to have them be popular in the US (eg, James Bond)
• Showing them the genuine 'This is England' side of us puts them off

• Marketability - appeal to an audience based on creative elements
• Playability - appeal to an audience over a long period of time

Shot Types Revision

• Shot/ reverse shot - switching back and forth between characters
• Eyeline match - begins with one person looking at something, cuts to the thing they were looking at
• Graphic match - Fades from one object to another object with the same shape
• Action match - Starts with beginning of an action cuts to the rest of the action
• Jump cut - accidental cut between a scene
• Cross cutting - cutting between different storylines that are happening at the same time in 2 different locations
• Parallel editing - similar to cross cutting but with contrasting actions
• Insert - a shot of something important that the director wants the audience to pay close attention to
• Cutaway - interruption of scene with another scene (eg, flashbacks)
• Short take - lots of quick cuts, adds drama and makes time seem like it's going faster
• Long take - very few cuts, establishes time, slow paced (eg, gravity)
• Invisible editing - barely noticable cuts, immerses the audience in the scene
• Visible editing - very harsh cuts,, adds tension
• Transitions - fade in/out, dissolve, cross fade
• Passage of time - ellipsis, flashback/flashforward, slow motion

Sexuality Representation

• Important to remember that gender & sexuality are not the same thing
• heterosexual, homosexual, metrosexual, bisexual, asexual, aromantic, pansexual, transsexual
• Gay marriages 2013
• Civil partnership 2005
• If a gay character is involved, usually makes sexuality the main part of their personality
• Subvert = challenge, countertype (goes against the stereotype)

Stereotypes:

• Straight male - very protective of sexuality, always needs to defend his masculinity
• Straight female - girly, very into appearance, always looking for men's attention
• Gay male - bitchy, queen, diva, dramatic
• Gay female - either 'butch' or 'girly'
• Bisexual overall - confused, looking for attention, not real, can only go one way or the other

• 'Repressed homo' - secretly gay, hasn't came out to anybody
• 'Colourful gay man' - the typical stereotype of a homosexual male, goes shopping with girl friends, wears bright and tight clothing
• 'Butch lesbian' - the 'man' in the relationship, 'wears the pants', tends to have short hair and muscles
• 'Feminine lesbian' - very girly, concerned more with love than sex, is the 'girl' in the relationship

• Metrosexuality - can show feminine qualities, takes care in their appearance
• Gender - (according to dictionary) the state of being male or female
• Sexuality - name for feelings and behaviour of a person
• Theorist - Barthes

• Characters that aren't hetero are usually marginalized, not main characters that develop
• If they are main characters then their sexuality is emphasized and shown as the most important thing about them
• Body language and costume is a usual giveaway of sexuality

Game of Thrones Essay

The main thing I noticed in the short clip of Game of Thrones, is that the slightest of things to happen to the King can easily start a war if he wants. This clearly shows that the King is the highest possible class, everyone respects him and has power over everyone he wants to. 

During the part where Joffrey is walking through the crowd, many of the lower class people are looking down on him and begging for food, saying that he has no grace. He just completely ignores these begs and carries on walking, implying that he thinks they don't deserve his attention. He also addresses one of his guards as 'dog', showing that he thinks he's even above the high class people. The guard seems reluctant but still follows, knowing that there'll be trouble if he doesn't.

As soon as one person causes disturbance and slightly hurts the King, all guards draw their swords. This must mean that all the guards think of the King as precious and must be protected from everything. During this scene there is also no noticeable light on Joffrey, showing that there's nothing good about him. There is also a lot of natural light illuminating the low class, meaning that they are all innocent and just need the King's help.

The guards all mercilessly follow Joffrey's orders to 'kill them all', suggesting that they don't even think of the lower class as people, just something that is in their way. Although, there are some higher class people who appear to care for the lower class, as some of them look back and consider helping them; but have to carry on running since the King overpowers everybody and can easily have anyone he wants killed.

Near the beginning of the scene, the young boy is crying. Joffrey looks him up and down then said that 'princes don't cry', in a very judging tone of voice. This implies that the boy is a relative of the King, although he still doesn't care for him. Just before the battle scene, all you hear are distant cries of the low class, saying 'hail Joffrey' and pleading for food; although they get no reply.

The only time he pays the lower class any attention at all is the moment he gets hit, and at first only orders for the one who hit him to be killed, then orders for the guards to 'kill them all', knowing that everyone will follow his orders as he is King. You can also hear a very faint ambient soundtrack during the battle scene, adding lots of tension without drawing attention away from the visuals.

I noticed that there were a lot of high angles on the King as he walks through the crowd, which could just be a POV shot for the low class people, or could imply that even though Joffrey is the highest possible class, he is still quite young and inferior. There are also a lot of frantic cuts during the battle, showing the panic of the crowd,

Overall, this scene pretty much follows the stereotype that the higher class are snarky and don't think of the lower class as people, and the lower classes tend to look up to the higher class and always ask them for help as they are the wealthier ones,

The Big Six

The ''Big Six'' majors, whose operations are based in or around Hollywood, are all centred in film studios active during Hollywood's Golden Age of the1930s and 1940s.

The current majors are:

• Sony Picture
  
• Warner Bros. (Time Warner)
  
• The Walt Disney Studios (Disney)
  
• NBCUniversal (Comcast)
  
• Fox Entertainment Group (21st Century Fox)
  
• Paramount Motion Pictures Group (Viacom)

10.3.14 Homework

• Hannibal
• season 2 episode 2
• I watched it online, usually airs on NBC
• 9pm Fridays
• T.A. is probably 16+, any gender

• Establishing shot
• Pan left
• Establishing shot
• Visible editing
• Eyeline match
• Tracking shot
• Zoom out
• Lots of shot/reverse shot
• Tracking shot
• Long shot from high angle
• Pan right
• Over the shoulder shot
• Tracking shot
• Fade to white
• Fades into next scene
• Time-lapsed establishing shot

Warp & Working Title

Examples of Warp Films:

• Bunny and the Bull
• Four Lions
• This is England '86
• Exhibit A

An independent film production company based in Sheffield and London, with a further affiliated company based in Melbourne.

Examples of Working Title Films:

• The Worlds End
• Hot Fuzz
• Bridget Jones's Diary
• Shaun of the Dead

Working Title Films is a British film production company, founded in 1983, based in London and owned by Universal Studios.

Film Industry Notes

• warp & working title
• mock exam sometime before the easter holidays
• look on moodle for past papers
• the big six - disney, GE (general electric), viacom, CBS, time warner, newscorp
• looking at hollywood & british only film
• try to think of examples!!!
• excuse to watch the blair witch project holla
• going to spend approx 45 min on exam
• production - how its made, how the company funds the film
• distribution - how they get their film, how the film gets to the cinema, how its marketed
• exhibition - how audience sees it, exchange of film, just word of mouth or trailers etc

Age Representation (Notes)

*Reminder on certain editing points*

• Cross-cutting: cutting between different sets occurring simultaneously, or at different times, adds an extra story and extra drama to an otherwise boring scene

• Parallel editing: two or more simultaneous sets of action to unfold within a single film sequence, multiple stories running alongside each other, creates tension

• Long take - eg gravity, feels more natural, can see facial expressions better, immerses the viewer into the scene, draws out time, slower paced.

Sound: Micro Elements (Notes)

Sound can create certain moods, signal events that are about to happen.

Music can manipulate the viewers emotions.

Soundtrack:

• human voice
• music
• sound effects

Types of sound:

• Diegetic - real life, contributes to realism of the scene.
• Non-diegetic - takes place outside the story, could be a voice over or music etc, also adds to the realism
• Synchronous - in time, synched up with actions, you hear sounds that you expect, e.g. camera points at clock, you hear ticking
• Asynchronous - can't see the source of sound but you still hear it, adds tension and drama, e.g. hear a gunshot but can't see gun
• Sound effect - follows an action, maybe musical, e.g. shower scene in psycho (maybe another e.g. freckles' introduction on rvb, music synchs up with the footsteps)
• Sound motif - sound you'll always associate with a character
• Sound bridge - portion of sound that covers a cut, (maybe an e.g. the title card of sunny)

• Dialogue - speech, emotions, accents, emphasis
• Voice over - narrative
• Mode of address - direct/ indirect, adds humour, aka breaking the fourth wall (e.g. supernatural episode 'the french mistake')
• Sound mixing - may have dialogue and music, more emphasis on one

TV Drama & Mise-En-Scene Notes

Sub genres:

• Teen
• Soap Operas
• Period
• Costume
• Medical/ Hospital
• Docu-soap
• Police/ Crime
• Hybrids

5 main components on mise-en-scene:

• Setting & props
• Costume, make-up, hair
• Body language, facial expressions
• Lighting & colour
• Positioning of characters

Transitions:

• Dissolve - overlapping transition between 2 scenes
• Cross fade - fades between shots
• Fade in - fades from black or white into scene
• Fade out - fades from the scene to black or white
• Wipe - scene 1 wipes off screen into scene 2

Camera Work Notes

Position:

• the camera is the viewers eye in the scene
• can change viewers feeling to certain characters - a close up can make the viewer seem more friendly and closer to the character, although an long shots are typically used a lot for evil or bad characters

Angles:

• Low angle
• High angle
• Tilted
• Bird's eye
• Worm's eye
• Eye level

Depth of field (focal length):

• Deep focus - shows everything in focus
• Selective focus - certain thing in focus
• Pull focus - when focus point changed

Movement:

• Tracking shot - follows narrative, smooth movement
• Crab - follows character/ subject
• Tilt - creates sense of heigh and power
• Zoom - adjusting focal shot, simulates tracking shot
• Arc - semi circle, shows reaction of all characters, heightens drama
• Panning - follows movement of subject

The Vampire Diaries M.E.S.